When to use "mış,miş"

In Turkish Language, the use of "-mış,-miş,-muş,-müş" (Indefinite Past Tense - Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman) is one of the most common questions among Turkish learners as it works a little bit different than English Grammar and have a different logic behind. Let's learn when to use them looking at the examples below;

1) If we realize something Ne aptalmışım! Anlayamadım onun nasıl biri olduğunu. How stupid I was/have been! I could not understand what kind of a person he is/was.  2) When we learn something from another person  Babam eve gelmiş, annem söyledi.  My father has come to home, my mother told me.  Ablam gelmiş mi bugün? Öğrendin mi? Has my (older)sister come today? Have you learned ? Note: Someone could ask this question with using simple past tense also,  Ablam geldi mi bugün?  But then I expect the person who we ask this question to, might possibly see her, if she came or not with his/her own eyes.  3) Past perfect tense She had gone to Turkey.  O Türkiye'ye gitmişti.  4) When we tell a tale Once upon a time there was a handsome prince. This prince was called Erik. He lived with his one brother and one sister. Bir zamanlar yakışıklı bir prens varmış. Bu prensin adı Erik'miş. Bir abisi ve bir de kızkardeşi ile yaşarmış. I hope these notes will help you to understand how it works a little bit more. Have a nice day!